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Hurricane Cindy (1963)
Hurricane Cindy was the first hurricane to form in the Gulf of Mexico since 1960. The third named storm of the 1963 Atlantic hurricane season, Cindy developed within a trough as a tropical storm in the Gulf of Mexico on 16 September. The disturbance swiftly intensified to hurricane strength, with a distinct eye becoming visible on satellite imagery as it drifted north-northwestwards toward the Texas coastline. Despite favorable conditions, with high sea surface temperatures, the storm only intensified into a Category 1 hurricane. After peaking with 1-minute maximum sustained winds of 80 mph (130 km/h), it made landfall at High Island on the morning of 17 September as a slightly weaker system with an atmospheric pressure of 996 mbar (hPa; 29.41 inHg). Cindy remained nearly stationary for almost a day, dropping copious rainfall over the Texas coastal plain, before finally turning west-southwestward and dissipating west of Corpus Christi on 20 September.
Hurricane watches and warnings were issued prior to Cindy's landfall, hastening evacuations in coastal areas of Louisiana and Texas, with many refugees seeking safety in local shelters. Although tide and wind damage was minimal, extreme rainfall totaling upwards of resulted in severe flooding in many areas of the Texas coastal plain; 4,000 homes were inundated in Jefferson, Orange, and Newton counties, many of them after a levee ruptured in Port Acres. Dozens of residents were forced to flee in rising flood waters, and many streets and roadways became impassable as a result of Cindy's flooding. Strong winds shattered glass windows, and schools throughout southeastern Texas were closed due to the hurricane. Widespread crop damage was observed, with rice, cotton, and pecan harvests suffering the worst. Overall, damage amounted to $12.5 million (1963 USD), and three deaths were recorded.
== Meteorological history ==
The origins of Cindy can be traced to a low-pressure area which formed within a trough positioned approximately east-northeast of Brownsville, Texas on 16 September, though inclement weather had been reported in the Gulf of Mexico the previous two days. The disturbance soon strengthened into a tropical storm, developing a well-defined circulation near 1800 UTC. By the afternoon, it had become well-organized enough to prompt the New Orleans Weather Bureau office to initiate advisories on the storm, christening it ''Cindy''. A distinct eye was noted on radar around 2000 UTC, and around then a possibly inaccurate maritime report issued by the SS ''Sabine'' documented winds of hurricane intensity. The compact storm meandered northward at throughout the rest of the day without any observable increase in wind speeds, despite being situated over an area of warm sea surface temperatures. As Cindy made its gradual approach towards Galveston that evening, only slightly heightened wind speeds were observed, peaking at 80 mph (130 km/h).〔
Despite its favorable environment, Cindy remained disorganized, featuring an asymmetric -wide eye; little further strengthening occurred over the course of the night.〔 Upon Cindy's landfall at High Island the following morning, its atmospheric pressure was measured at 996 mbar (hPa; 29.41 inHg),〔 and winds reached 75 mph (120 km/h). Soon after moving ashore, Cindy became nearly stationary for 18 hours,〔 maintaining Category 1 intensity before weakening to first to a tropical storm at 0600 UTC on 18 September then a tropical depression six hours later.〔 The remnants of Cindy gradually turned westward-to-southwestward and decreased in strength during 18 and 19 September. As a result of its abnormally slow movement and deterioration, extremely heavy rains were recorded over Texas and Louisiana, especially in the storm's northeastern quadrant.〔 Cindy finally dissipated on 20 September while situated west of Corpus Christi.〔 It was the first hurricane to form in the Gulf of Mexico since 1960.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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